Extracting minerals from the surface of the Earth or below the surface requires moving a lot of earth. Although reclamation of land disturbed by mining operations is required by law, some disturbances are permanent. Processing of coal creates waste that must be carefully controlled to avoid leakages into surrounding ecosystems. In some areas, old mines abandoned before the beginning of strict regulation of mining operations pose a problem. In many cases, the companies that operated these mines are no longer in existence so it is difficult to assign liability for the costs of cleaning up the site.

This Environmental Studies Factsheet explains:
• Opencast mining.
• Deep mining.
• Subsidence.
• Acid mine drainage.

Download Type

.PDF (pdf) 1.173 MB

Publication Date

April 2006

ISSN / ISBN

ISSN: 1351-5136

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