All over the world mangrove ecosystems are threatened with destruction. Mangroves are a unique tropical ecosystem which occur most often along protected coastal shores with muddy or sandy bottoms. These shores are alternately covered and uncovered by tides and receive brackish or fresh water from rivers draining the tropical forests or hillsides behind them. The mangroves are unique in forming a forest ecosystem in an intertidal zone.

Mangroves differ from other forest ecosystems in that they receive large inputs of material and energy from both the land and the sea. As a result, the flora and fauna that live there must have broad physiological tolerance and many species are highly dependent upon the mangrove ecosystem.

This Environmental Studies Factsheet explains:
• Threats.
• Costs and benefits.

Download Type

.PDF (pdf) 521.704 KB

Publication Date

January 2003

ISSN / ISBN

ISSN: 1351-5136

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